0001◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/16(火) 00:51:33.22ID:OvtHxzaU俺の知らない表現
能動語彙・表現になっていない表現
発音が不安な表現
知ってるけど受験でポイントとなる表現をまとめていく
探検
俺の英文多読日記【英語の質問していいよ】
■ このスレッドは過去ログ倉庫に格納されています
俺の知らない表現
能動語彙・表現になっていない表現
発音が不安な表現
知ってるけど受験でポイントとなる表現をまとめていく
http://user.keio.ac.jp/~rhotta/hellog/2015-08-29-1.html
これで解決ですね
if that, when thatみたいにthatは汎用の従属節マーカーであった
このことは知ってたけど
substituteとしてのこの機能は知らなかったとしても
0047名無しなのに合格
2021/02/17(水) 09:01:57.73ID:Gk5qVIz6becauseの繰り返しを避けてbecause that … and that …
thatは念の為のマーカーだから省いてbecause … and that …
面白いな
ね！
こんなのに出会うなんて運が良かった
becauseの意味を表しているのはわかってたけどそれをまさしくこの用法と指摘してくれる人が現れたのが奇跡的
この流れで英語の歴史とかかな
https://www.englishclub.com/history-of-english/
0050名無しなのに合格
2021/02/17(水) 13:42:21.89ID:Myh1aEjLimpede は他動詞のはずだけどLudwigでimpede onの例が出てくる
終わったら面白そうな記事探すね
規範文法に関するwikipediaを見ます
murrayとか出てくるかな
俺の規範主義に関する前提知識はここで述べられているもの程度
・http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/ykawa/jafle.files/workshop_no5.files/urata.htm
・http://user.keio.ac.jp/~rhotta/hellog/2011-05-14-1.html
・
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&;source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.toyo.ac.jp/uploaded/attachment/8348.pdf&;ved=2ahUKEwj-qOjTw_DuAhURrZQKHRydBiEQFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw0kltxqt5FEj_gyiMI0wF1f
・https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&;source=web&rct=j&url=https://toyo.repo.nii.ac.jp/%3Faction%3Drepository_action_common_download%26item_id%3D5177%26item_no%3D1%26attribute_id%3D22%26file_no%3D1&;ved=2ahUKEwj-qOjTw_DuAhURrZQKHRydBiEQFjADegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw0qYhIeiGytAnh_7Yx4ydW5
・https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&;source=web&rct=j&url=http://jaell.org/gakkaishi25th/shibusawa.pdf&;ved=2ahUKEwj-qOjTw_DuAhURrZQKHRydBiEQFjAEegQIDhAB&usg=AOvVaw1oiygJodeXK9Hs8crpubXM
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_grammar
Traditional grammar is a framework for the description of the structure of a language.[1] The roots of traditional grammar are in the work of classical Greek and Latin philologists.[2] The formal study of grammar based on these models became popular during the Renaissance.[3]
Traditional grammars may be contrasted with more modern theories of grammar in theoretical linguistics, which grew out of traditional descriptions.[3] While traditional grammars seek to describe how particular languages are used, or to teach people to speak or read them, grammar frameworks in contemporary linguistics often seek to explain the nature of language knowledge and ability.[4] Traditional grammar is often prescriptive, and may be regarded as unscientific by those working in linguistics.[5]
Traditional Western grammars generally classify words into parts of speech. They describe the patterns for word inflection, and the rules of syntax by which those words are combined into sentences.[6]
まず一文目のa structure以降は名詞構文
a framework which describes the structure of a language
とパラフレーズ可能
philologist言語学者
work 研究
ここでのformalは「形における」の意味だろう
formal grammarという表現がある
このパラグラフにある通り規範文法とは英語の実情というよりラテン文法を参考にして作られていったという側面がある
バイト終わったら次やります
言語系の人間ではなく経済学部なので英語学の勉強をしたことがなく、専門的な知識がないため訂正があったら教えて下さい
まぁ主述の関係は上の通り
バイト戻ります
Traditional grammars may be contrasted with more modern theories of grammar in theoretical linguistics, which grew out of traditional descriptions.[3] While traditional grammars seek to describe how particular languages are used, or to teach people to speak or read them, grammar frameworks in contemporary linguistics often seek to explain the nature of language knowledge and ability.[4] Traditional grammar is often prescriptive, and may be regarded as unscientific by those working in linguistics.[5]
grow out of Oから発展する、Oをやめる
be contrasted with Oと対比される
whileは時間ではなく対比を表す
whileは基本的に主節に先行するwhile SV, SVが基本
後ろにおいてもよいがSV, while SVとカンマを忘れない
どちらにせよ後ろにある節に力点がある
while は文頭に置かれると譲歩の場合があることに注意
これは後ろに力点が置かれることと整合する
the nature本質、特質[しばしばthe -]
prescriptive規範的
後ほど続きを
電池切れます
ingしている人々
の意
those who
parts of speechというフレーズは馴染み深い人も多いだろう
品詞の意味
inflectionは屈折、つまり活用の意味
see→sees, sawみたいなことね
ちなみに定形動詞と非定形動詞という用語は知っといても良い
定形動詞
主語や時制によって形が定まる動詞のこと
He loves her. 主語がHeで時制が非過去(現在時制のこと)だからlove→lovesのように屈折している
He loved her. は時制が過去だからlovedのように屈折している
つまり定形動詞とは形が1つに定まっている動詞ではなく周りの要素によって形が定められる(すなわち周りの要素なくしては形が定められない)動詞のこと
他方非定形動詞とは形が周りによって定められない動詞のことで、還元すれば唯一の形を持っているものであり、準動詞のことである。
I want to sing.のsingは例えば主語がHeでも変わらない(非定型)
この2つは混同しやすい。他の要素によって形が定められるかどうかである。
不定詞の不定が表すところは非定形の非定形が表すところと同じである。
まだ(未来志向)だから不定詞という説明は眉唾であり、子供向けの説明。
syntaxは統合の意味
統語論についてはこちらをどうぞ
https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%AB%96#:~:text=%E7%B5%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%AB%96%EF%BC%88%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86%E3%81%94%E3%82%8D%E3%82%93,%E3%81%B6%E3%82%93%E3%82%8D%E3%82%93%EF%BC%89%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%80%82
とりあえずこの部分が終わったら次の英文にいくかな
Among the earliest studies of grammar are descriptions of Sanskrit, called vykara�a. The Indian grammarian P�ini wrote the A�dhy�y, a descriptive grammar of Sanskrit, sometime between the 4th and the 2nd century BCE.[7][8] This work, along with some grammars of Sanskrit produced around the same time, is often considered the beginning of linguistics as a descriptive science,[8] and consequently wouldn't be considered "traditional grammar" despite its aniquity. Although P�ini's work was not known in Europe until many centuries later, it is thought to have greatly influenced other grammars produced in Asia, such as the Tolk�ppiyam, a Tamil grammar generally dated between the 2nd and 1st century BCE.[9]
The formal study of grammar became popular in Europe during the Renaissance. Descriptive grammars were rarely used in Classical Greece or in Latin through the Medieval period.[10] During the Renaissance, Latin and Classical Greek were broadly studied along with the literature and philosophy written in those languages.
[11] With the invention of the printing press and the use of Vulgate Latin as a lingua franca throughout Europe, the study of grammar became part of language teaching and learning.[10]
Although complete grammars were rare, Ancient Greek philologists and Latin teachers of rhetoric produced some descriptions of the structure of language.
[12] The descriptions produced by classical grammarians (teachers of philology and rhetoric) provided a model for traditional grammars in Europe. According to linguist William Harris, "Just as the Renaissance confirmed Greco-Roman tastes in poetry, rhetoric and architecture, it established ancient Grammar, especially that which the Roman school-grammarians had developed by the 4th [century CE], as an inviolate system of logical expression."[8]
The earliest descriptions of other European languages were modeled on grammars of Latin. The primacy of Latin in traditional grammar persisted until the beginning of the 20th century.[8]
The use of grammar descriptions in the teaching of language, including foreign language teaching and the study of language arts, has gone in and out of fashion.[10] As education increasingly took place in vernacular languages at the close of the Renaissance, grammars of these languages were produced for teaching.
Between 1801 and 1900 there were more than 850 grammars of English published specifically for use in schools.[13] Mastering grammar rules like those derived from the study of Latin has at times been a specific goal of English-language education.[14] This approach to teaching has, however, long competed with approaches that downplay the importance of grammar instruction.[15]
Similarly in foreign or second language teaching, the grammar-translation method based on traditional Latin teaching, in which the grammar of the language being learned is described in the student's native language, has competed with approaches such as the direct method or the communicative approach, in which grammar instruction is minimized.[10]
文頭は[M]Among-[V]are[S]descriptions
というMVS倒置の典型
サンスクリット語の横で文字化けしているのはラトビア語
grammarian文法家
the NP, NPという非制限の同格(NPは名詞句のこと)
sometime between A and B
これは見慣れないとしても簡単
sometime around 1920:1920年頃に
ludwigで調べると42件出てくるためよくある表現であることがわかる
descriptive science記述科学
antiquity:the distant past (= a long time ago), especially before the sixth century:
along with X:in addition to someone or something else
grammarsが複数形になっていることに注意
文法書の意味
date Oの年代を突き止める
倒置という用語は広く使われすぎているため注意が必要
例えばOSVやCSVというのは目的語Oや補語Cの前置という現象である。
逆に後置という現象も存在する
分離した同格のthat節などもそれ
倒置とはこれらの現象などによりVSという形になっているものを指す
The formal study of grammar became popular in Europe during the�Renaissance. Descriptive grammars were rarely used in鮏lassical Greece�or in�Latin�through the�Medieval period.[10]鮱uring the Renaissance, Latin and鮏lassical Greek�were broadly studied along with the literature and philosophy written in those languages.[11]�With the invention of the�printing press�and the use of Vulgate Latin as a�lingua franca�throughout Europe, the study of grammar became part of�language teaching and learning.[10]
through ～で「～まで」の意味(時間的)
これはアメリカの用法のはず
broadly広く
printing pressで印刷機のこと
throughout ～中で
vulgate
ウルガタ（聖書） ((カトリック教会で一般に用いるラテン語訳聖書))
lingua franca
リング・フランカ ((異なる母国語の話し手どうしで用いられる混成共通語))
part of Oの一環
すまん
変なコピペした
面白いの探す
動物がいい
British and Colombian archaeologists have discovered a large display of ancient rock art. It’s on cliff faces in the Colombian Amazon rainforest. The drawings were probably created 12,500 years ago. They provide further proof that the rainforest’s earliest inhabitants lived alongside Ice Age animals. The archaeologists made this discovery in 2019. But they kept it secret until now, ahead of the rock art’s debut in an upcoming documentary.
archaeologist考古学者
cliff face:the vertical face of a cliff
proof that SVということの証拠
theyはdrawingsのこと
もちろん研究者のことじゃないよ(たぶん)
inhabitant住民
alongside Oとともに
ahead of Oに先立って
今まで秘密してきた→今になってやっと公開した(～に先立って)
と解釈
New-York is a point into which much information centers. Men departing from this point circumnavigate the globe, voyaging from the arctic to the antarctic regions. From this class of my fellow citizens, much of the information I possess on this subject has been derived; and as a man of science, I can say positively, that a whale is no more a fish than a man; nobody pretends to the contrary now-a-days, but lawyers and politicians.
center集まる
center on Oに集まる をよく見るがcenter intoもあるということ
circumnavigate Oを一周する
circleですね
navigate航海する案内する進む は必須
the arctic北極地方
the antarctic南極地方
このthis classは部類の意味で「men departing from this point」を受け継いでいるのだろう
derive Oを引き出す推測する
deriveを修飾するfromの前置詞句が文頭に前置されている
ちなみに由来するの意味であれば完了相はおかしい
a man of science科学者
このpositivelyは「キッパリと」の意味
to the contraryはpretendに対する補語
but以降は名詞句しか存在しないがpretended to the contrary (thenなど)が省略されている
クジラ構文とは飽くまでも「A⇔B」という2つの異なる命題が同値、つまり真偽が一致することを主張する文
Aの真偽に説得力を持たせるためにBという真理値の明らかな命題と同値と伝えるのである
そして多くの場合は互いが偽の場合に用いる
これ全部セリフなんだから
最後のbutは単なる前置詞ですね
"Who is cupid?"
https://www.history.com/news/who-is-cupid
ではここの読解を明日から
The mention of Cupid typically conjures up images of a cherubic infant wielding a bow and arrow, but this wasn’t always the case. Long before the Romans adopted and renamed himand way before his association with Valentine's Day鮏upid was known to the Greeks as Eros, the handsome god of love.
One of the first authors to mention Eros (circa 700 B.C.) was Hesiod, who described him in “Theogony” as one of the primeval cosmogonic deities born of the world egg. But later accounts of the lineage of Eros vary, describing him as the son of Nyx and Erebus; or Aphrodite and Ares; or Iris and Zephyrus; or even Aphrodite and Zeus�who would have been both his father and grandfather.
Armed with a bow and a quiver filled with both golden arrows to arouse desire and leaden arrows to ignite aversion, Eros struck at the hearts of gods and mortals and played with their emotions. In one story from ancient Greek mythology, which was later retold by Roman authors, Cupid (Eros) shot a golden arrow at Apollo, who fell madly in love with the nymph Daphne, but then launched a leaden arrow at Daphne so she would be repulsed by him.
In another allegory, Cupid’s mother, Venus (Aphrodite), became so jealous of the beautiful mortal Psyche that she told her son to induce Psyche to fall in love with a monster. Instead, Cupid became so enamored with Psyche that he married her�with the condition that she could never see his face. Eventually, Psyche’s curiosity got the better of her and she stole a glance, causing Cupid to flee in anger. After roaming the known world in search of her lover, Psyche was eventually reunited with Cupid and granted the gift of immortality.
In the poetry of the Archaic period, Eros was represented as a studly immortal who was irresistible to both man and gods. But by the Hellenistic period, he was increasingly portrayed as a playful, mischievous child. Because of his associations with love, 19th-century Victorians�credited with popularizing Valentine's Day and giving the holiday its romantic spin�began depicting this cherubic version of Cupid on Valentine’s Day cards in a trend that has persisted until this day.
明日読むときには直しとく
調べてわかったけどHistory.comは広島大学とか同志社大学で問題文の出典になったりしてるんだね
長くないし、単語とか構文も勉強になるレベルだからここ気に入るかも
訂正
タイポしてた
x be attribute to
o be attributed to
0074名無しなのに合格
2021/02/18(木) 08:01:31.46ID:eYV8hEWCどしたの
0076名無しなのに合格
2021/02/18(木) 13:52:43.27ID:4vOhagib以下は「一音節」の形容詞にmoreがつく事例
321 名無しさん＠英語勉強中 (ｻｻｸｯﾃﾛ Spc7-buwc)[] 2021/02/16(火) 03:50:08.29 ID:tdVTA0QRp
moreを辞書で引くと色々な発見があって面白い
形容詞・名詞・副詞とあって、言われればそうだなと気づくことばかりだ
今までの人生で辞書とかほとんど引いたことないから新鮮な驚きだ
ところで、家庭教師で準1を目指してる女の子を何ヶ月か生徒として受け持ったことがあるが、
英作文で"Studying English is more fun than playing the piano."みたいな文をその生徒が書いてきたことがある
自分は規範文法に沿って「funは一音節だからmoreは前に来ないんだよ。funnierも少し微妙だからmore enjoyableにしてみよう!!」と答案を訂正したことがある
しかし、自宅に帰って調べてみたところ"A is more fun than B"という形が、結構Twitterや日常会話で使われてることがわかった
規範文法を杓子定規的に当てはめてしまった自分を恥じて、翌週にその生徒には「ごめんね、やっぱりmore funで良かったんだ」と謝った思い出もある
moreという単語にはとても思い入れがある
それはまた違うよ
funは名詞だから
まあmore A than B「BというよりA」のときもBが原級だからそこに対応してAを原級にするのが普通とかもあるね
は可能だけどa lot ofの代わりにveryにすることはできない。funが名詞だから
ないわけではない
ludwigで調べると
a lot of funとvery funの比率は81:9で
very funも存在している
It's very fun.(The Guardian)
It's been very fun.(The New York Times)
ただ圧倒的にa lot of funが多く、規範的に教えるならばmore funだろう
more funとfunnerの比率は更に差が開き、98:2である。
ちなみにfunnierはfunnyの比較級であるから何重にもミスをしてしまっている
0081名無しなのに合格
2021/02/18(木) 15:45:24.56ID:4vOhagib形容詞の例は上に書いてあるよ
ただIt's fun.のfunを形容詞だって主張するのは無理がある
辞書でも形容詞的用法として載っているのは名詞の形容詞的用法と捉えることもできそうな限定修飾が基本だし
0084名無しなのに合格
2021/02/18(木) 18:16:14.45ID:yYplu2Hq0085名無しなのに合格
2021/02/18(木) 18:41:25.53ID:tHWjViIDよく「英語の勉強」って言う場合はstudyよりlearnの方が正しい、studyだと研究してるみたい、って話があるけどどうなの？
0086名無しなのに合格
2021/02/18(木) 19:00:02.64ID:GKDqx+5tでも「知る」もlearnで訳すよな。
まぁこれに対する反論も見たことあるけどね
まずはLongman
・Learn
to gain knowledge of a subject or skill, by experience, by studying it, or by being taught
・Study
to learn about a subject at school, university etc
(勉強するに対応するような意味のみ取り上げています)
次にCambridge
・Learn
to get knowledge or skill in a new subject or activity:
・Study
to learn about a subject, especially in an educational course or by reading books:
次にMerriam-Webster
・Learn
to gain knowledge or understanding of or skill in by study, instruction, or experience
・Study
①to read in detail especially with the intention of learning
② to engage in the study of
次にMacmillan
・Learn
to gain knowledge or experience of something, for example by being taught
・Study
to learn about a subject by going to school, university etc
次にOxford Leaner's Dictionaries
・Learn
to gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience, from being taught, etc.
・Study
to spend time learning about a subject by reading, going to college, etc.
次にCollins
・Learn
If you learn something, you obtain knowledge or a skill through studying or training.
・Study
If you study, you spend time learning about a particular subject or subjects.
最後にUrban Dictionary
・Learn
To persuade someone to your way of thinking via violent means.
例文
"I'll learn you good!" (Followed by a slap)
・Study
To go over to the opposite sex's house not to study, but to "study." "Studying" usually involves fooling around without any pants on.
例文
"I'm going over to Amanda's house to 'study'"
ちなみに2月11日に「今日の単語」として紹介されてたのがこれ
・smash the guitar
To masturbate vigorously, as if romancing one's beloved guitar. Common among musicians and college freshmen.
Bro: "Man, some nights I love to just lie in bed and smash the guitar."
as if romancing one's beloved guitar
は受験においても大事な文法事項を孕んでいる
as if は節だけでなくto不定詞、分詞、前置詞なども引き連れることができるってやつですね
もうひとつ、as ifのasとifとの間に存在する省略と、それに関する時制の問題も大事な項目だけどそれはまたいつか多読で出てきたら
0093名無しなのに合格
2021/02/18(木) 23:20:05.62ID:tHWjViIDlearnは経験や勉強を通して学ぶこと、studyは勉強することって感じか
0094名無しなのに合格
2021/02/18(木) 23:21:51.75ID:0kccqPrbこれってif necessaryとかのit isの省略って習うやつとは別物なの？
もちろんなんかしらが省略されていると考えていいけど、いろんなものがくるって認識しとけば問題はない
0097名無しなのに合格
2021/02/18(木) 23:45:07.60ID:eET4mekbOne of the first authors to mention Eros (circa 700 B.C.) was Hesiod, who described him in “Theogony” as one of the primeval cosmogonic deities born of the world egg. But later accounts of the lineage of Eros vary, describing him as the son of Nyx and Erebus; or Aphrodite and Ares; or Iris and Zephyrus; or even Aphrodite and Zeus--who would have been both his father and grandfather.
Armed with a bow and a quiver filled with both golden arrows to arouse desire and leaden arrows to ignite aversion, Eros struck at the hearts of gods and mortals and played with their emotions. In one story from ancient Greek mythology, which was later retold by Roman authors, Cupid (Eros) shot a golden arrow at Apollo, who fell madly in love with the nymph Daphne, but then launched a leaden arrow at Daphne so she would be repulsed by him.
In another allegory, Cupid’s mother, Venus (Aphrodite), became so jealous of the beautiful mortal Psyche that she told her son to induce Psyche to fall in love with a monster. Instead, Cupid became so enamored with Psyche that he married her--with the condition that she could never see his face. Eventually, Psyche’s curiosity got the better of her and she stole a glance, causing Cupid to flee in anger. After roaming the known world in search of her lover, Psyche was eventually reunited with Cupid and granted the gift of immortality.
In the poetry of the Archaic period, Eros was represented as a studly immortal who was irresistible to both man and gods. But by the Hellenistic period, he was increasingly portrayed as a playful, mischievous child. Because of his associations with love, 19th-century Victorians--credited with popularizing Valentine's Day and giving the holiday its romantic spin--began depicting this cherubic version of Cupid on Valentine’s Day cards in a trend that has persisted until this day.
0099英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 01:07:55.45ID:L0nzyHmqThe mention of Cupid typically conjures up images of a cherubic infant wielding a bow and arrow, but this wasn’t always the case. Long before the Romans adopted and renamed him--and way before his association with Valentine's Day--Cupid was known to the Greeks as Eros, the handsome god of love.
conjure A upを思い起こす
これは早稲田の正誤で出てたのが思い出される
cherubic天使のような、ケルビムの（ような）ケルビム:智天使。天使の一種。偽ディオニシウス・アレオパギタに由来する「天使の階級」では第二位に位置づけられる
wield Oを扱う
the case事実、実情、真相
That's not the case. 事実はそうではない
wayは注意が必要な単語。wayは「はるかに」の意味で強調のために用いられることがあるHis coat is way too big. 彼のコートはちょっと大きすぎる.とかでtoo ～についたりもする
associate with Oと交際する結びつく
associate A with B連想する
このbeforeは前置詞であるが名詞構文のため
before he associated with Valentine's Dayとパラフレーズできるようにしたい
ただここは悩みどころ
Soon a lifeguard came to my resctue.
のように名詞構文で所有格が目的語を表すこともあるためhe was associated with Valentine's Dayとパラフレーズすることも可能(wasでいいのかな)
まぁどっちでもそんなに変わらないし前者で取るかな
Eros 《ギリシャ神話》エロス
(◇愛の神;ローマ神話の Cupid に当たる)
One of the first authors to mention Eros (circa 700 B.C.) was Hesiod, who described him in “Theogony” as one of the primeval cosmogonic deities born of the world egg. But later accounts of the lineage of Eros vary, describing him as the son of Nyx and Erebus; or Aphrodite and Ares; or Iris and Zephyrus; or even Aphrodite and Zeus--who would have been both his father and grandfather.
to mentionはfirstに呼応
Theogony神統記 著書の名前ですね
theoは神を表す
神話を表すことmythやmythologyのth
primeval原始の
「medieval中世の」と似てますね
deity神
born of Oから生まれる、Oのもとに生まれる
world eggは初めて聞いた
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_egg
暇なときちゃんと読みます
account of Oに対する説明
linage血筋
varyは「異なる」や「様々である」という意味の状態動詞である「変化する」の動作動詞ではない
（Aresも）AphroditeがZeusの子供だから次の英文が意味を持つ
who would have been both his father and grandfather
ここらへんをしっかり掴むためには教養が必要(俺にはないので調べながら)
Armed with a bow and a quiver filled with both golden arrows to arouse desire and leaden arrows to ignite aversion, Eros struck at the hearts of gods and mortals and played with their emotions. In one story from ancient Greek mythology, which was later retold by Roman authors, Cupid (Eros) shot a golden arrow at Apollo, who fell madly in love with the nymph Daphne, but then launched a leaden arrow at Daphne so she would be repulsed by him.
be armed with Oで武装している
quiver震える
今回はこの意味ではなく矢筒を意味する名詞
arouse Oを刺激する
leaden鉛製の
aversion嫌悪
ignite Oに火を付ける
strike at Oに向けて打つ
mortals人間(死の運命ある)
play with Oをもてあそぶ
retell Oを(平易に)書き直す
madly気が狂ったように
repulse Oに拒絶反応を起こさせる
be repulsed by Oに強い嫌悪感を抱く
ここのsoは「なので」と訳さないようにしたい
なぜwouldなのかを考えたい
so thatのthatの省略であり、目的を表している。ちなみにsoが省略されることもある
0100英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 01:12:50.32ID:L0nzyHmq0101名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 01:14:27.60ID:XH44CAf30102英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 01:15:23.47ID:L0nzyHmq堅苦しいイメージありそうだよね
大学とか学校とか本とか通して
0103英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 01:17:16.44ID:L0nzyHmqかもね
比率とか載せてる辞書たまにあるけどそういう情報とかありがたいよね
0104英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 01:23:47.24ID:L0nzyHmqゲーム配信見てダラダラにしてる
0105英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 01:25:50.00ID:L0nzyHmq0106英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 02:13:38.11ID:L0nzyHmqイグニット系の名前の炎のキャラクターいるよね
In another allegory, Cupid’s mother, Venus (Aphrodite), became so jealous of the beautiful mortal Psyche that she told her son to induce Psyche to fall in love with a monster. Instead, Cupid became so enamored with Psyche that he married her--with the condition that she could never see his face. Eventually, Psyche’s curiosity got the better of her and she stole a glance, causing Cupid to flee in anger. After roaming the known world in search of her lover, Psyche was eventually reunited with Cupid and granted the gift of immortality.
allegory寓意、寓喩
こんな言葉知らないから日本語を勉強しないと
be jealous of Oを妬んでいる
so...that構文
induce O to Vするように誘導する
instead:その代わりに、それをしないで、それどころか
be enamored with Oに夢中になっている
再びso...that
二度あることは三度あるということ
英文解釈教室を持っている人は1.4 例題(1)を読もう
on (the) condition that SVという条件で
このonがwithにできるのかな？
それともwith OCって解釈すればいいかな
curiosity好奇心
get the better of Oに勝る
steal a glance at Oをちらりと盗み見る
causingは主節を主語とする分詞構文
このfleeは」逃げる」というより「消え失せる」の意味
in 感情 で 「～という気持ちで」 の意味
in anger怒って
roam Oを当てもなく放浪する
in search of Oを探し求めて
eventually最終的には
be reunited with Oと再開する
immortality不死
ここのgrantは注意が必要
一見、謝罪としてプレゼントとして与えた
と誤読しかねない
ただ王女が不死をプレゼントするとは考えにくい
grantはwasではなくreunitedと並列されどちらも受動態
In the poetry of the Archaic period, Eros was represented as a studly immortal who was irresistible to both man and gods. But by the Hellenistic period, he was increasingly portrayed as a playful, mischievous child. Because of his associations with love, 19th-century Victorians--credited with popularizing Valentine's Day and giving the holiday its romantic spin--began depicting this cherubic version of Cupid on Valentine’s Day cards in a trend that has persisted until this day.
the Archaic period古代ギリシャのアルカイック期
represent A as Bとして表現する描く
studly体つきのよい、性的に魅力のある
immortal不死の者
be irresistible to Oにとって抵抗できないほど魅力的な 当然ここのmanは人類のこと
Hellenistic period古代ギリシャのヘレニズム期
increasingly次第に
protray A as Bどして描く
playfulふざけた
mischievousいたずら好きな
be credited with Oの功績があると信じられている
popularize Oを広める
spin解釈
depict Oを描写する
persist 生き残る、続く
0107英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 02:17:15.41ID:L0nzyHmqhttps://gamp.ameblo.jp/pink-hummingbird/entry-12101785563.html
https://gamp.ameblo.jp/catlovernippon/entry-11062510648.html
ここらへんを読むとわかりやすいかも
読んでないけど
（読みます）
0108英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 02:24:55.83ID:L0nzyHmq0109英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 02:44:16.97ID:jaeVXUsq憲法系は難しいだろうな
語彙も構文も
一応イギリスの法典化されていない憲法とかアメリカとイギリスの憲法の違いとかはなんとなくの知識は大学の授業で読んだことがあるけどあまり覚えていない
TFKからレベルが上がってきた
https://www.history.com/history-at-home-us-constitution
0110英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 02:53:38.20ID:jaeVXUsq答えられるかわからないけど
0111英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 04:10:01.31ID:jaeVXUsqWas there a curse of the Constitution? Alexander Hamilton was famously killed by Aaron Burr in 1804, but he wasn’t even the first framer of the U.S. Constitution to die in a duel with a political rival. In 1802, North Carolina delegate Richard Spaight was mortally wounded by a dueling pistol fired by sitting congressman John Stanly. Four years later, Virginian George Wythe died of arsenic poisoning, likely at the hand of a debt-riddled grandnephew and heir. Pennsylvania delegate Gouverneur Morris died in 1816 after a ghastly bit of self-surgery in which he unsuccessfully attempted to dislodge a urinary tract blockage with a piece of whale bone, while New York’s John Lansing mysteriously vanished in December 1829 after leaving his Manhattan hotel room to mail a letter.
Rhode Island boycotted the Constitutional Convention.
America’s littlest state had a big independence streak. Rhode Island, distrustful of a powerful federal government, was the only one of the 13 original states to refuse to send delegates to the Constitutional Convention. It was a decision that rankled even the normally temperate George Washington, who wrote in July 1787 that “Rhode Island … still perseveres in that impolitic, unjust, and one might add without much impropriety scandalous conduct, which seems to have marked all her public councils of late.” On the condition that a Bill of Rights be included, Rhode Island became the 13th state to ratify the Constitution on May 29, 1790, more than a year after Washington was sworn in as president.
Some big names were absent from the Constitutional Convention.
When Thomas Jefferson gushingly called the Constitutional Convention delegates “an assembly of demigods,” he wasn’t being full of himself. Jefferson was not among the founding fathers who gathered in Philadelphia; he was in Paris serving as minister to France. John Adams was also abroad, serving as minister to Great Britain. Samuel Adams, John Hancock and Patrick Henrywho turned down an invitation because he “smelt a rat in Philadelphia, tending toward the monarchy”�also did not participate.
Attendance was spotty.
When the Constitutional Convention opened on May 14, 1787, only delegates from Pennsylvania and Virginia were present. It wasn’t until May 25 that a quorum of seven states was achieved. Weather�ever the convenient excuse�was blamed for the tardiness, but the convention was plagued throughout with attendance issues. While James Madison boasted that he never left the proceedings for more than “a casual fraction of an hour,” his fellow delegates were not as fastidious. Nineteen of the 74 delegates to the convention never even attended a single session, and of the 55 delegates who did show up in Philadelphia, no more than 30 stayed for the full four months. New Hampshire’s delegation arrived two months late, by which time two of New York’s three delegates had left in opposition to the proceedings, leaving just Hamilton behind and depriving the state of a quorum to vote. Thus, Washington wrote that the Constitution was signed by “11 states and Colonel Hamilton.”
0112英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 04:16:23.24ID:jaeVXUsqWas there a curse of the Constitution? Alexander Hamilton was famously killed by Aaron Burr in 1804, but he wasn’t even the first framer of the U.S. Constitution to die in a duel with a political rival. In 1802, North Carolina delegate Richard Spaight was mortally wounded by a dueling pistol fired by sitting congressman John Stanly. Four years later, Virginian George Wythe died of arsenic poisoning, likely at the hand of a debt-riddled grandnephew and heir. Pennsylvania delegate Gouverneur Morris died in 1816 after a ghastly bit of self-surgery in which he unsuccessfully attempted to dislodge a urinary tract blockage with a piece of whale bone, while New York’s John Lansing mysteriously vanished in December 1829 after leaving his Manhattan hotel room to mail a letter.
2.Rhode Island boycotted the Constitutional Convention.
America’s littlest state had a big independence streak. Rhode Island, distrustful of a powerful federal government, was the only one of the 13 original states to refuse to send delegates to the Constitutional Convention. It was a decision that rankled even the normally temperate George Washington, who wrote in July 1787 that “Rhode Island … still perseveres in that impolitic, unjust, and one might add without much impropriety scandalous conduct, which seems to have marked all her public councils of late.” On the condition that a Bill of Rights be included, Rhode Island became the 13th state to ratify the Constitution on May 29, 1790, more than a year after Washington was sworn in as president.
3.Some big names were absent from the Constitutional Convention.
When Thomas Jefferson gushingly called the Constitutional Convention delegates “an assembly of demigods,” he wasn’t being full of himself. Jefferson was not among the founding fathers who gathered in Philadelphia; he was in Paris serving as minister to France. John Adams was also abroad, serving as minister to Great Britain. Samuel Adams, John Hancock and Patrick Henry--who turned down an invitation because he “smelt a rat in Philadelphia, tending toward the monarchy”--also did not participate.
0113英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 04:16:29.24ID:jaeVXUsqWhen the Constitutional Convention opened on May 14, 1787, only delegates from Pennsylvania and Virginia were present. It wasn’t until May 25 that a quorum of seven states was achieved. Weather--ever the convenient excuse--was blamed for the tardiness, but the convention was plagued throughout with attendance issues. While James Madison boasted that he never left the proceedings for more than “a casual fraction of an hour,” his fellow delegates were not as fastidious. Nineteen of the 74 delegates to the convention never even attended a single session, and of the 55 delegates who did show up in Philadelphia, no more than 30 stayed for the full four months. New Hampshire’s delegation arrived two months late, by which time two of New York’s three delegates had left in opposition to the proceedings, leaving just Hamilton behind and depriving the state of a quorum to vote. Thus, Washington wrote that the Constitution was signed by “11 states and Colonel Hamilton.”
5.Not all the delegates who attended the convention signed the Constitution.
Although 55 delegates participated in the Constitutional Convention, there are only 39 signatures on the Constitution. Fourteen men, having already left Philadelphia, were not present for the signing, and only Delaware delegate John Dickinson had a proxy sign for him. Three delegates--Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts and Edmund Randolph and George Mason of Virginia--were dissatisfied with the final document and refused to ink their signatures.
6.“We the People of the United States” was a late change.
The Constitution’s iconic opening line was not included in early drafts of the document. Instead, the preamble started with a much less pithy litany of individual states listed from north to south: “We the people of the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts…” and so on. Credit for the late alteration goes to a five-person Committee of Style--comprised of Hamilton, Madison, Morris William Samuel Johnson and Rufus King--and Morris is considered to have been responsible for composing much of the final text, including the revised preamble.
7.The man who hand-wrote the Constitution was not a delegate.
While Morris has been nicknamed the “Penman of the Constitution,” the real hand wielding the quill that scrawled the final copy of the Constitution belonged to Jacob Shallus. The assistant clerk of the Pennsylvania State Assembly was paid $30 and given just two days to write most of the document’s 4,543 words on four sheets of vellum parchment. While his script was exquisite, Shallus wasn’t totally flawless. Between the final article and the delegate signatures on the Constitution’s final page is an “errata” paragraph listing some of the minor errors he had made along with their corrections.
0114英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 04:17:01.21ID:jaeVXUsq1.とかのあとにスペースなかったりするけど許して
ダッシュは--で代用
0115英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 04:26:37.64ID:jaeVXUsqOn the condition that a Bill of Rights be included,
詳しいことはそこを読むときに
0116名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 04:34:45.38ID:h1TMke2k仮定法現在？
0117英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 05:01:11.51ID:jaeVXUsqそそ
格式張った英語ではifとかwhetherの中で原形が使われるってやつですね
仮定法現在でok
同じような意味を表すon condition that SVでも同様
if need beだとほぼ義務的に仮定法現在だけど、それ以外では「まれ」ですね
でもここらへんの英文を毎日読んでたら
「まれ」と呼ばれるやつによく出会う気がする
ジャンルの問題かな
0118英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 05:06:24.13ID:jaeVXUsqここらへんは難しいね
0119英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 05:30:04.55ID:jaeVXUsqWisdom英和辞典
オンラインにある英英辞典
英辞郎
英文法総覧
英文解釈教室
英文法詳解
英文法解説
α英文法
英文法の真相
読むための英文法
ぐらいかな
もう少し自分の知識と参照する書籍のレベルを上げたい
まぁじっくり勉強します
0120英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 13:40:21.98ID:HdLPz/6uWas there a curse of the Constitution? Alexander Hamilton was famously killed by Aaron Burr in 1804, but he wasn’t even the first framer of the U.S. Constitution to die in a duel with a political rival. In 1802, North Carolina delegate Richard Spaight was mortally wounded by a dueling pistol fired by sitting congressman John Stanly. Four years later, Virginian George Wythe died of arsenic poisoning, likely at the hand of a debt-riddled grandnephew and heir. Pennsylvania delegate Gouverneur Morris died in 1816 after a ghastly bit of self-surgery in which he unsuccessfully attempted to dislodge a urinary tract blockage with a piece of whale bone, while New York’s John Lansing mysteriously vanished in December 1829 after leaving his Manhattan hotel room to mail a letter.
frame Oを練る立案する
framerはframeする(した)人々のことだろう
辞書にはない
meet with Oに出くわす経験する
untimely death早すぎる死
curse呪い、災い
famouslyは文修飾であることに注意
firstにto dieが呼応
the first framer of the U.S. Constitution to die...も名詞構文のようなもの
the first person who framed the U.S. Constitution to die...
とパラフレーズ可能
a duel with Oとの決闘論争対決
in a duel with Oはdieにかかるため、他にも政敵との対決の末に死んだframerが存在するということ
a political rivalもアレクサンダー大王の英文で出てきましたね
ここのdelegateは動詞ではなく人名に掛かる役職を表す言葉
delegate下院議員
mortally致命的に、ひどく
wound Oを傷つける
dueling pistols
(2丁一組の) 決闘用ピストル
もちろんこれは分詞ではなく動名詞
pistolがduelするわけではない
congressman下院議員
sitting現職の(限定修飾のみ)
die of Oで死ぬ
arsenic poisoningヒ素中毒
arsenicヒ素
poisoning中毒
be riddled with Oでいっぱいである
debt-riddled≒debt-ridden借金でいっぱいの
at the hand(s) of Oの手によって
likelyおそらく(副)
grandnephew姪/甥の息子
heir相続人
ここは注意しなければいけない
grandnephewとheirは同一人物である
理由はheirにはaがないため
The novelist and doctor cameto the party. は同一人物
The novelist and the doctorCcime to the party.
は2人
ghastlyぞっとするような
a bit ofのaとbitの間に入るんだね 修飾先の問題かな また後で考える
unsuccessfullyはその結果を示している
dislodge Oを取り除く
urinary尿の泌尿器の
urinary tract尿路
blockage障害物
尿路結石かな？
whileは他方の意味
New York's にはdelegateが省略されている
vanish姿を消す
mail a letter手紙を出す
mail Oを郵送する
0121英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 13:57:14.20ID:HdLPz/6u0122英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 16:10:05.56ID:HdLPz/6uもしかしたら素晴らしいのかな
https://youtu.be/zraKxwx0KN4
パンッ！これがwith!!ってのは全くもって説明になってと思うのだが、意味をちゃんと書いている
単なる意味に加えて説明になっていない感覚的な説明を加えたらなんとなく分かる気になって意味を分かりやすくなるのかな
意外と教育的で優しいのかもしれない
知らないけど
0123英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 16:10:51.66ID:HdLPz/6u0124英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 16:42:54.85ID:EM9BsW9G0125名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 17:06:18.46ID:juWlOmbF個人的にはこんな説明されたら授業切るｗ
訳し分けと感覚的な捉え方(パン！)の関連もいまいちだし説明になってないと思う
速読するときのwithの感覚的な捉え方で言うと関の「付帯と対立の2パターンに分類できる」って話は納得した
0126英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 17:12:45.44ID:EM9BsW9Gなんとなく分かった気にさせるってのも苦肉の策としてはあるのかもしれない
俺は嫌いだけど
0127英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 17:21:55.87ID:EM9BsW9G嘘も方便
ってのが許さがちな分野ではある
寧ろ必要な側面もある
0128名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 17:28:01.32ID:/yd4iWLN0129名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 18:19:49.94ID:8m9IV6pk訳せ
0130名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 18:37:09.80ID:Fnwm3iwa↑これ、別スレにあった「赤ずきん」の英語版(Little Red Riding Hood)の一節らしいんだけど、
but以下の動詞が無いのは省略されてるからなのかな？それとももっと別の理由？
0131英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 18:53:23.21ID:EM9BsW9Gmost of allとりわけ
Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease, beauty of health.が
Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease and beauty is one of the symptoms of health.
の共通部分を省略したものであるのと同じで
liked herが省略されてるんじゃないかな
(英文解釈教室14.4.10より)
, whoに関しては連結用法と捉えて良さそう
0132英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 18:57:34.10ID:EM9BsW9Gなんでそんな怖い言い方
0133名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 18:59:51.01ID:63SEvWeWeveryone～butでbutは前置詞じゃね？
0134英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 19:01:17.13ID:EM9BsW9Gおばあちゃんは娘のこと嫌いってこと？
most of allの説明がつかなくなりそう
0135英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 19:03:49.87ID:EM9BsW9G次の段落わからない
ごめんなさい
"～"の部分はとりあえず抜いてます
今日は頭が回らない
2.Rhode Island boycotted the Constitutional Convention.
America’s littlest state had a big independence streak. Rhode Island, distrustful of a powerful federal government, was the only one of the 13 original states to refuse to send delegates to the Constitutional Convention. It was a decision that rankled even the normally temperate George Washington, who wrote in July 1787 that “Rhode Island … still perseveres in that impolitic, unjust, and one might add without much impropriety scandalous conduct, which seems to have marked all her public councils of late.” On the condition that a Bill of Rights be included, Rhode Island became the 13th state to ratify the Constitution on May 29, 1790, more than a year after Washington was sworn in as president.
Constitutional Convention憲法制定会議
大会、協議会の意味のconventionですね
ただ憲法関連の文では「慣例法」という言葉があるからその意味にも注意
boycott Oへの参加を拒否する
have a independence streakは
have a streak of independenceの意味かな
それならたくさん類例がある
どういう意味かな
また後で考える
be distrustful Oを信用しない
ここは分詞構文のBeing省略
onlyにto refuseが呼応している
13 original states
アメリカ合衆国は最初13州で国旗の横線が13本なのは有名な話
50の星は現在の州の数を表している
It was a decision
ここで倒置と同様に"誤読"のポイントになりやすい強調構文(it-分裂文)を考慮するのはあまりセンスがない
it-分裂文の焦点にa[an] 名詞が来るのは稀なためitが代名詞あるいはit=thatやit=toを予想する
今回はthat節の主語が一見存在しないように見える
そのためthatが接続詞かつ主語の代名詞
つまり関係代名詞と判断
itは前の内容を受けた代名詞である
ここは文構造的には分裂文と取れそうなところであるが、焦点部にaが基本的に来ないことを知っていると悩まずに済む
ここらへんは難関大入試の和訳で出しても苦しむ人かなり出てくるのでは？(舐めすぎ？)
rankle Oを苛立たせる、苦しめる
temperate穏やかな
impolitic浅はかな
unjust不当な不法な
on the conditionについては>>117の通り
ratify Oを承認する
to ratify はthe 13thに呼応している
more than a yearは塊でafter に掛かる
be sworn in就任の宣誓をする
0136英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 19:07:26.94ID:EM9BsW9G頭が回らないから僕は明日考えます
0137名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 19:11:18.54ID:ZaK6a/Huいや、みんな彼女のこと好きだけど特におばあちゃんは次に何をあげれば良いか分からない(＝なんでもあげてしまう)ほど大好きってこと
most of allもちゃんとハマる
0138名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 19:11:40.01ID:ZaK6a/Hu0139英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 19:13:23.14ID:EM9BsW9Gなら前置詞じゃなくない？
あれ、俺の前置詞のbutの認識おかしいかな
しらべるかぁ
0140名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 19:15:28.18ID:Fnwm3iwaなるほど、ありがとうございます！
ちなみに、その省略されたliked herはどの部分に補えば良いと思いますか？
0141英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 19:17:06.79ID:EM9BsW9Gおばあちゃんは好きじゃないってことにならないか？
>>140
grandmother liked her
0142英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 19:18:29.83ID:EM9BsW9Gbut ～を除いて、～を含めず
だからなぁ
0143名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 19:20:12.22ID:Fnwm3iwaお答えいただきありがとうございます！
文末ではなくてgrandmotherの後ろの方が適切なのですね
grandmotherの後ろに補うと先行詞の候補が2つ考えられてしまうので、少し不安を感じていました
しかし、大変参考になりました
0144名無しなのに合格
2021/02/19(金) 19:23:00.35ID:Fnwm3iwa>>130の一文の文法的解釈をめぐって、大論争になってしまっていたようなので
英文解釈参考書スレッドpart27
https://lavender.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/english/1611282871/
0145英文多読者 ◆iiDSZQODZc
2021/02/19(金) 19:30:11.29ID:EM9BsW9Gはーい
間違えてたらごめんね
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